Geology 1b Spring 2003

Historical Geology

Study Questions 2: Chapter 1 Wrap-up, Chapter 2 - All

End Intro to Plate Tectonics plus Minerals
  1. What are the three types of plate tectonic boundaries?

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  2. What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries?

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  3. Sketch a drawing of an Island Arc. Show the trench, subduction zone, accretionary wedge (Melange), Forearc basin, Arc of volcanoes, depth of melting in kilometers, ascending magmas, and Back-Arc basin.

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  4. What is the Benioff Zone?

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  5. What happens to the Benioff Zone as you move from the trench closer to the arc? What are general slope angles of the Benioff Zone?

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  6. Sketch a drawing of a Magmatic Arc. Show Trench, subduction zone, accretionary wedge (Melange), Forearc basin, Arc of Volcanoes, depth of melting in kilometers, ascending magmas, Batholith, and Back-Arc basin.

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  7. Sketch a Continent-Continent convergent margin. Show the ophiolite and suture zone.

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  8. Define "chemical element". What are the eight most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

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  9. Define atom, proton, neutron, electron, isotope, ion, cation, and anion.

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  10. What is a molecule? What is a chemical compound? What is a complex ion? Give examples of each.

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  11. What is ionic bonding and covalent bonding.

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  12. What are the mineral names and chemical compositions of the chemical compounds sodium chloride, silica dioxide, and calcium carbonate.

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  13. Plagioclase is a "solid solution", briefly discuss what that means using plagioclase as an example. (see page 36 in text – Ion Substitution).

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  14. How do amorphous and crystalline materials differ? Is volcanic glass crystalline?

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  15. What is a polymorph?

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  16. Cleavage is characterized by three properties, what are they?

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  17. How do cleavage and fracture differ? What is conchoidal fracture?

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  18. On Mohs hardness scale, what is the hardness of your fingernail, a knife blade, and quartz.

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  19. What are the two primary types of luster?

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  20. See Table 2-1 on page 37 in text. What are the Major Mineral Groups, what are their chemical properties, and what are their rock-forming characteristics?