Geology 001B West Valley College

Historical Geology R. Lopez

Study Questions: Chap. 3 p. 57-87

Diversity and Organization of Life

  1. Identify the six Kingdoms as well as the general type of organisms, types of cell, number of cells, and mode of nutrition for each Kingdom. (Complete the chart below)

    2. KINGDOM

    TYPES OF ORGANISMS

    TYPE OF CELLS

    NUMBER OF CELLS

    MODE OF NUTRITION

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    		    

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    		    

     

  2. What is a fossil and what is fossilization? What is permineralization? What is carbonization? Give an examples.

    3.  

  3. What is the difference between a mold and a cast?

    4.  

  4. What are impressions?

    5.  

  5. What are some examples of trace fossils?

    6.  

  6. What are body fossils and coprolites?

    7.  

  7. What are altered remains and unaltered remains? Give examples of each.

    8.  

  8. Know the taxonomic groups (hierarchical classification � Kings play chess on fine gold sets). (see page 64 and Table 3-1)

    9.  

  9. What two criteria are used to group organisms into a phylum?

    10.  

  10. What is the difference between phylogeny and cladistics (cladograms)? (see pages 64-69)

    11.  

  11. What are the two forms of life in the Kingdom Protista?

    12.  

  12. Why are the seaweeds and kelp part of the Kingdom Protista and not part of the Kingdom Plantae?

    13.  

  13. What is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton?

    14.  

  14. What are the three types of phytoplankton discussed in lecture (see Fig. 3-16, p. 72)?

    15.  

  15. Know the characteristics of diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophores (e.g., know which one secretes silica or calcium carbonate from seawater; which one form a siliceous vs. calcareous ooze; which one does not form an ooze?).

    16.  

  16. How old are the dinoflagellates and how old are the diatoms?

    17.  

  17. How is chalk formed? What are the White Cliffs of Dover?

    18.  

  18. What are the two main types of zooplankton discussed in class (see Fig. 3-18 and Fig. 3-19)?

    19.  

  19. Which one forms siliceous oozes that eventually form the sedimentary rock chert, and which one forms the calcareous oozes that eventually form the sedimentary rock called limestone?

    20.  

  20. What are the two types of Archaea discussed in lecture?

    21.  

  21. What are the Eubacteria?

    22.  

  22. What are cyanobacteria and what is their significance to the evolution of Earth�s atmosphere (see Fig. 3-14)?

    23.  

  23. What are stromatolites (see Fig. 12-3)?

    24.  

  24. What are the two main forms of plants in the Kingdom Plantae?

    25.  

  25. What are the two main categories in the Kingdom Animalia?

    26.  

  26. What are the two criteria used to distinguish the phyla of invertebrates?

    27.  

  27. What are the general characteristics of the phylum porifera (sponges)?

    28.  

  28. Who were the archaeocyathids?

    29.  

  29. What are the organisms discussed in class that belong the phylum Cnidaria? What are the general characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria?

    30.  

  30. Do Cnidarians have an anus for expulsion of waste?

    31.  

  31. How do corals differ from jelly fish?

    32.  

  32. What where the Ediacaran Fauna? What is their significance in the fossil record?

    33.  

  33. What are the characteristics of the Bryozoans? Are they colonial? How do they differ from coral polyps? What do they use for getting food into bodies? Do bryozoans have an anus?

    34.  

  34. When did bryozoans fist appear and when were they most abundant?

    35.  

  35. What are the characteristics of the Brachiopods? How do they differ from bivalve clams? What do they use for getting food into their shells?

    36.  

  36. What are the two types of brachiopods and when were they most abundant in the fossil record? (see page 81)

    37.  

  37. What is the one characteristic that all Mollusks share?

    38.  

  38. Know the general characteristics of the classes gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, polyplacophora groups.

    39.  

  39. How do bivalve clams differ in symmetry from brachiopods?

    40.  

  40. What are nautiloids and amminoids?

    41.  

  41. Know the fundamentals of brachiopods and bryozoans.

    42.  

  42. Be able to name the members of the phylum echinodermata.

    43.  

  43. What are crinoids?

    44.  

  44. What are the characteristics of echinoderms?

    45.  

  45. What are the stalked crinoids? Know about the cylax and stem discs.

    46.  

  46. Know the three classes of arthropods and be able to name at least three animals of this phylum.

    47.  

  47. What are the characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda?

    48.  

  48. Who where the trilobites, when did they occur in the fossil record, what is molting, and when did they become extinct?

    49.  

  49. What are the two main classes of chordates?

    50.  

  50. What is a notochord (hemichordates).

    51.  

  51. What are the four common features of all chordates?

    52.  

  52. What are the four common features of vertebrate chordates?