R.
Lopez
1)
What
are the three reasons that sedimentary rocks are particularly important?
2)
Discuss
the four main processes involved in turning parental solid rock into sediments
and eventually sedimentary rock. Make a
flow chart like I did in lecture
3)
What
are the two kinds of weathering and give an example of each?
4)
What
natural reaction occurs between water and carbon dioxide to dissolve CaCO3?
What about the formation of hematite, Fe2O3?
5)
What
is karst topography?
6)
Give
three examples of agents that transport sediments.
7)
Name
at least three continental (terrestrial) and three marine depositional
environments.
8)
What
is a sedimentary “fan”, and what does alluvium mean?
9)
What
is an abyssal fan?
10)
Lithification
commonly involves three steps, what are they?
What are three examples of cement?
11)
What
are the two major groups of sedimentary rocks?
12)
What
does “clastic” mean?
13)
What
is textural maturity? What is
compositional maturity? Which is more
mature, compositional or textural maturity?
14)
What
is sorting and what is rounding? How do
they indicate maturity of the sediment? (see your text and lab book)
15)
Define
the following:
conglomerate,
breccia,
quartz
sandstone,
arkose
sandstone,
greywacke
sandstone,
shale,
mudstone
siltstone
claystone.
16)
What
does the term “fissile” mean? And what rock does it best describe?
17)
What
are the size ratings for Mud, Sand, and Gravel?
18)
What
are the two subdivisions of the Biological/Chemical group (also known as the
Chemical Precipitate group)?
19)
Define
Limestone? What are carbonates?
20)
Cite
three examples of marine organisms that extract calcium carbonate from
seawater, and whose skeletons may form limestone.
21)
Is
most limestone of inorganic or biological origin? What is calcareous ooze?
22)
What
are radiolaria? What are their hard
body parts made of? What are the deposits of radiolaria on the seafloor known
as? And what kind of rock do they eventually form?
23)
Chert
is composed of what material?
24)
What
are diatoms and what are their deposits called?
25)
What
famous geological formation in California is a Diatomite?
26)
What
principle do geologists use to interpret ancient depositional environments?
27)
What
kinds of features in sedimentary rocks provide information on depositional
environments?
28)
In
a bedded sequence of sedimentary rocks, what does each bed represent in terms
of depositional environments?
29)
What
are cross beds and how do they form? What are ripple marks and how do they form
(see pages 51-52, Fig. 2-24)?
30)
What
are graded beds and how do they form? What is a Turbidite (see page 51, Fig.
2-23)?
31)
What
is the principle of uniformitarianism?
32)
Deposits
of Siliceous Ooze have a deposition rate of 5 cm/1000 years. Many chert deposits can be up to 100 meters
thick. Calculate the time required to
deposit 100 meters of siliceous ooze.
33)
Natural
laws that govern our universe today have changed over geologic time. True or False?
34)
Natural
laws and rates of geologic processes at work today in our Universe have been
constant throughout geologic time. True
or False?
35)
What
are foraminifera and what type of ooze do they form on the sea floor?
36)
What
is more common, biochemical or chemical limestone?
37)
What
are coccolithophores and what deposit do they make? Name the rock that they form.
38)
What
are deposits of continental sediment called when deposited in the ocean?
39)
Sketch
a “trailing continental margin” showing the continental shelf, slope, rise, and
deep ocean (abyssal plain). Where would
you expect coral reefs, turbidites, quartz sandstones, shales, and oozes to be
deposited?
40)
Sketch
an active plate tectonic boundary with shelf, slope, trench, accretionary
prism, deep ocean, arc-trench gap. Know
where sands, graywacke, turbidites, oozes, reefs are formed.