Oceanography
10 West
Valley College
R.
Lopez
1)
The
Earth is composed of three compositional layers. Name all three (p. 54 Fig. 3.1 text).
2)
The
CRUST is the outer skin of the earth and it is composed of two types. What are they?
3)
Define
earthquake focus, epicenter, body waves, and seismic waves.
4)
What
is the difference between p-waves and s-waves?
5)
How
do we know that Earth’s outer core is liquid FeO metal and that the inner core
is solid FeO metal?
6)
The
CRUST and the uppermost MANTLE make up the outer rocky layer of the Earth. What is this sphere called? (Hint: it means
rock in Greek; p. 58, text)
7)
Below
the rocky sphere of the Earth is the aesthenosphere. What is the definition of the aesthenosphere? (p. 58 of text)
8)
The boundary between the crust and upper
mantle is known as the ___________?
9)
How
do theories in science differ from non-scientific theories like the ones that
you may read about in newspapers?
10)
Fill
in the blanks: In the Scientific Method, you 1) Raise questions; 2) Gather
data; 3)___________; 4) Prediction; 5) _________________.
11)
Name
the three basic concepts of Plate Tectonics.
12)
There
are three types of Plate Tectonic boundaries: Transform, ___________, and
____________.
13)
Mid-Oceanic
Ridges are examples of what type of Plate Boundary?
14)
Mid-Oceanic
Ridges are really chains of huge undersea _______________?
15)
The
process of generating new oceanic crust is called Sea Floor Spreading. Where does this occur?
16)
A region of magnetic force encompasses the
Earth. The lines of force leave near
the geographic South Pole and reenter the Earth near the geographic North Pole. This is known as Earth’s _____.
17)
When
basaltic lava forms at a Mid-Oceanic Ridge, minerals called magnetite act as
tiny compass needles that point to the magnetic North Pole. If the magnetite minerals are aligned
horizontal in the rock, then you are at (a)
North Pole or (b) Equator?
18)
What
are Magnetic Reversals?
19)
Describe
Normal Polarity vs. Reverse Polarity by drawing lines of force either leaving
or entering the North and South Poles.
20)
What
is Paleomagnetism (see page 75, Garrison)?
21)
What
instrument do we use to measure the direction and amount of residual magnetism
in a rock (top of page 76, Garrison)?
22)
Magnetic
anomalies are the alternating patterns of reverse and normal magnetized stripes
on the sea floor that are symmetric about a spreading center. Be able to briefly describe how they
originated by using the concepts of Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics
(see p. 76-77, Fig. 3.28, Garrison text).
23)
What
are the three types of Convergent Boundaries?
24)
Continental
Volcanic Arcs form at Ocean-Ocean convergent boundaries. True or False?
25)
Be
able to describe how Island Arcs form (i.e. convergent margin subduction zone,
upper mantle melting, magma rising into crust, formation of island arc
volcanoes; p. 51 and Figs. 3.17 Garrison).
26)
Know
the difference between a Fracture Zones and Tectonic Transform Boundary (p. 74,
Fig. 3.25).
27)
What
is the difference between Island Arc Volcanoes and Ocean Island Volcanoes?
28)
The
Hawaiian Islands consist of a chain of volcanic islands that form a line of
islands and seamounts together with the Emperor Seamount Chain in the northern
Pacific Ocean. How do these chains of
volcanic islands and seamounts support the Theory of Plate Tectonics? (Fig.
3.33)