Exam #4 Study Guide - Spring 2013
| Exam Date & Start Times: | Tue May 21st, 2012 BOTH sections - Final exam begins at 7:15am (please arrive 5 minutes prior) Note: the final exam is scheduled from 7:30am-9:30am in the lecture room (SM36) |
Bring to each lab exam:
- #2 pencils,
- large eraser,
- scantron #882,
- calculator (no sharing calculators, no phones)
All other materials must be put away (i.e. in cabinets or at the front or side of the room). Scratch paper, graph paper and other materials will be provided as necessary.
Exam Format:
The exam is worth 150 points (approximately 60-70% will cover new material and the remaining 30-40% will be comprehensive) and consists of a mix of true/false, multiple choice as well as fill-in, short answer and problem solving questions (be sure to bring a calculator!) and will cover all material from BOTH the lecture and the lab. You will have 2 hours to complete the exam (no more). This should be more than enough time so, their should not be any time pressure. Note that once the exam begins you will not be able to leave and return (please visit the rest room prior to test time). Remember, you will be evaluated based on what you write on the test not on what you meant, so show your work and be sure your answers are clear.
How to study:
You should review all of the lecture and lab material since the first meeting which includes the following:
| Lecture Topics: | Chpts | Lab Topics: | Manual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Digestive Physiology I-II | 21 | Digestive Physiology | 19 |
| Renal Physiology I-III | 19 20 | Renal Physiology I: Urinalysis | 20 |
| Endocrine Physiology I-II | 7, 22, 23 | Renal Physiology II: Fluid Balance | 21 |
| Reproductive Physiology I-II | 26 | Endocrine Physiology | 22 |
| Exercise Physiology / Physical Fitness | 23 | ||
| Nutrition | 24 |
Remember, both lecture and laboratory material will be covered on the exam. Use your text, lecture outlines, notes, lab materials, quizzes and assigned reading as your guide to the material you need to know.
Although you should have a clear understanding of all the material covered in all lectures and labs, the exam will be more heavily weighted towards certain topics. Be aware that the use of mathematics and graphs are an integral part of physiology and thus are likely to be an integral part of your answers. Be prepared to perform calculations and answer questions based on displayed data records (i.e. PowerLab) and to explain physiological mechanisms.
Below is a list of the major topics (in bold) that are on the test and the approximate distribution of these topics (expressed as a percentage). Note: use this list with caution, the proportions are approximate. The italicized sublists are intended as a general guide only - please refer back to your lecture outlines, notes, and labs for a complete review of what was covered under each of these major topic categories. Remember, your primary "study guides" are the lecture outlines, lab reports and your notes.
(1) Digestive Physiology (~15-20%)
- describe the structure of the GI tract and function of the different regions
- describe the phases and regulatory mechanisms of digestion
- describe the source, substrate, and pH & temperature specificities for the different enzymes
- explain the reason for temperature and pH specifities of enzymes
- describe the source and role of all secretions (i.e. enzymes, bile salts…) in digestion
- describe how enzymes are secreted
(2) Renal Physiology (~ 20-25%)
- describe the three mechanisms of urine formation
- describe the functions of the different parts of the nephron
- explain the significance of the loop of Henle
- describe the regulatory mechanisms for water and electolyte homeostasis
- explain the significance of the different urinalysis tests performed
- explain the role of the kidneys in acid-base regulation (contrast with respiratory regulation)
(3) Endocrinology (~ 15-20%)
- describe the basics of endocrine control systems
- describe the mechanisms of regulation of the endocrine system
- describe the mechanism of action of the different classes of hormones (water soluble & insoluble)
- describe the primary endocrine tissues (location, hormone produced)
- describe the target and function of the different hormones
- describe the symptoms of diabetes, the mechanism of the symptoms & differentiate between the different types of diabetes
(4) Reproductive Physiology (~ 5%)
- describe the role and structure of the various reproductive structures in males and females
- describe the stages of gamete development (compare the male and female)
- describe the female reproductive cycles and the relationship between each
- describe the hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle and at pregnancy
(5) Exercise Physiology / Physical Fitness (~ 5%)
- describe the different physiological responses to exercise
- differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic fitness
- explain the relationship between heart rate and fitness
- calculate - respiratory rate, pulse pressure, mean blood pressure, cardiac output
(6) Nutrition (~ 5%)
- describe the basic ways in which Calories are burned and the significance of each\
- differentiate between the different nutrients and their significance
- be able to perform all of the calculations performed in the lab (handout)
(7) Comprehensive Review of Physiology (~ 30%)
- be prepared to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of physiology as presented in this course - use lecture outlines and labs along with the text and your notes as your primary guide, use old study guides, quizzes and practical exams as tools to determine your strengths and weaknesses, and what topics you need to review
- be able to determine physiological values from instrumentation
- know normal physiological values and what abnormal values may indicate
- know the terminology
- know the physical concepts that govern physiological properties
Note: Exam questions will be on par with questions on quizzes, questions in the lab manual (lab activities and reports) and study guide questions associated with the lecture outlines. Suggested study tips include: reviewing your lecture notes, all of the labs and the assigned reading in the text (Silverthorn). When you have completed your review try to answer all of the lecture outline study questions and ALL of the questions in the lab manual (lab reports). Questions at the end of the chapters in the text (Silverthorn) may also be worth reviewing (caution: some of the textbook questions may emphasize concepts not pertinent to this class). If you can answer all of the questions you should be well prepared for the exam. Next, get together with a small group and review what you have learned. Rooms are available in the SM building (SM 55F - biology study room, SM 5 - math resource center), the library and in the Fox building for group study. There is a lot to learn in this class, take advantage of all the resources available to you, do all of your reading, review your notes, form a study group, and ask questions. Remember, studying is work, but I hope you are also finding physiology interesting and I hope you are enjoying what you are learning. With effort you will find that you can learn a tremendous amount! You have learned a lot already!
