FRENCH 1B: HOMESTUDY

VERB REVIEW UNIT

VERB REVIEW UNIT

Introduction and Directions

This review unit has been prepared to help you review the verb conjugations and tenses that were covered in the first semester course, French 1A. It includes a review of the present tense of regular –er verbs, regular –re verbs, some important irregular verbs, the imperative or command form, and the simple past tense (passÈ composÈ).

The unit also contains a list of most of the verbs used in the first part of the textbook and their definitions. You should already have learned most of these words. But since it may have been a while since your last French class, this unit should help refresh your memory and prepare you for this semesterπs work.

Some students will need to spend considerable time studying this material. Others may need to look it over only for a quick review. Whichever your situation, please follow the steps below to complete the review lesson and then the Verb Review Mastery Test, which is the only part to be turned in to the instructor. Be sure to put your Mastery test in the assignment box in the language laboratory by the date indicated on your schedule of assignments.

Directions:

1. Study the information given for each conjugation.

2. Be sure that you learn the meaning (and spelling) of the verbs listed for each section.

3. Complete the exercises for that section.

4. CORRECT your exercises using the answers following the section. You should do the corrections using a pen or pencil of a different color, other than red. Cross out the incorrect answer and write the correct answer above it. Be sure to follow these directions so that you can quickly refer to problem areas when you review for tests.

5. Detach the Mastery Test and leave it in the FRONT folder of the Homestudy Assignment box in the Language Lab.

6. Place the packet of review exercises in the front section of your course binder.

REVIEW OF THE PRESENT INDICATIVE

(le prÈsent)

PART I: Regular -er verbs

1. Conjugating regular –er verbs in the present tense

affirmative I give, I do give, I am giving, etc.	negative I donπt give, Iπm not giving, etc.	interrogative Do I give? am I giving? etc.
je donne	je ne donne pas	est-ce que je donne?
tu donnes	tu ne donnes pas	donnes - tu?
il, elle, on donne	il, elle, on ne donne pas	donne - t – il? etc.
nous donnons	nous ne donnons pas	donnons - nous?
vous donnez	vous ne donnez pas	donnez - vous?
ils, elles donnent	ils, elles ne donnent pas	donnent - elles? etc.

1. The present tense of regular -er verbs is formed by dropping the -er of the infinitive and adding the personal endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent.

2. The negative is formed by putting ne before the verb and pas after the verb. If the verb begins with a vowel, ne is shortened to nπ (e.g. elle nπaime pas).

3. The interrogative can be formed in two ways. ≥Est-ce que≤ can be placed before the verb (Est-ce que tu parles franÁais?) or the subject and verb can be inverted (Parles-tu franÁais?). While the ≥est-ce que≤ form can be used with all conjugations, the inversion should not be done with the first person singular (je) form.

4. In the third person singular (il, elle, and on), a ≥-t-≤ is placed between the verb and the pronoun if the inversion form of the interrogative is used (e.g. O˘ habite-t-il?).

2. Some common regular -er verbs

acheter* – to buy adorer – to adore, to love aimer – to like, to love amener* – to take or bring someone (somewhere) arriver – to arrive appeler* – to call assister ‡ – to attend bricoler – to tinker, to fix things chanter – to sing chercher – to look for commencer (‡)* – to begin co˚ter – to cost danser – to danse dÈsirer – to want, desire dÈtester – to hate dÓner – to have dinner, to dine discuter – to discuss donner – to give Ècouter – to listen to effacer – to erase

entrer (dans) – to enter, to go in Èpeler* – to spell Ètudier – to study fermer – to close gagner – to earn, to win habiter – to live (in) inviter– to invite jeter* – to throw jouer – to play lever* – to raise, to lift louer – to rent manger* – to eat monter (dans) – to climb (into), to go up, to get in montrer – to show nager* – to swim neiger* – to snow organiser – to organize parler – to talk, to speak passer du temps – to spend time passer un examen – to take a test porter – to wear, to carry passer un examen - to take a test porter - to wear, to carry

prÈfÈrer* – to prefer prÈsenter – to introduce prÈparer – to prepare quitter – to leave regarder – to look at, to watch regretter – to be sorry rentrer – to return, to go back in, to go home rÈpÈter* – to repeat rester - to stay retourner – to return, to go back retrouver – to meet suggÈrer* – to suggest tÈlÈphoner (‡) – to telephone tomber – to fall travailler – to work trouver – to find visiter – to visit (places) voyager* – to travel

* The endings of these verbs are regular but a slight change exists in the stems of some of the conjugations in the present tense. These verbs are sometimes referred to as spelling change verbs. See the explanation in section #5 on the following page.

3. Some common reflexive –er verbs

These verbs are conjugated in the same way, but are accompanied by a reflexive pronoun.

sπappeler* – to be called, to call oneself se brosser – to brush (e.g. oneπs hair or teeth) se coucher – to go to bed se dÈshabiller – to undress se doucher – to take a shower sπhabiller – to get dressed sπintÈresser ‡ – to be interested in

se laver – to wash oneself se lever* – to get up se maquiller – to put on makeup se peigner – to comb oneπs hair se raser – to shave (oneself) se retrouver – to meet se rÈveiller – to wake up

* As the regular –er verbs listed on the previous page, the endings of these verbs are regular but a slight change exists in the stems of some of the conjugations in the present tense. These verbs are sometimes referred to as spelling change verbs. See the explanation in #5 below.

4. Placement of reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are placed directly in front of the verb. (This is true for all forms, except an affirmative command.) Review the placement of reflexive pronouns by studying the conjugations of se laver below.

affirmative	negative	interrogative
je me lave tu te laves il, elle, on se lave nous nous lavons vous vous lavez ils, elles se lavent	je ne me lave pas tu ne te laves pas il, elle, on ne se lave pas nous ne nous lavons pas vous ne vous lavez pas ils, elles ne se lavent pas	est-ce que je me lave? te laves-tu? se lave-t-elle? nous lavons-nous? vous lavez-vous? se lavent-ils?

5. Spelling change –er verbs

Some verbs with regular -er endings have slight variations in the spelling of the stem of the verb. Generally, these verbs fall into three categories. A brief explanation is given below.

A. Verbs with infinitives ending in -ger:

Since the ≥g≤ in -ger verbs has a soft pronunciation in all of the other conjugations, an extra ≥e≤ is inserted between the ≥g≤ and the ≥ons≤ verb ending in order to maintain a consistent pronunciation (≥go≤ would have a hard ≥g≤ sound). Thus, instead of writing ≥mangons≤, the conjugation becomes ≥mangeons≤. Some common verbs falling in this category are: manger, nager, and voyager.

B. Verbs ending in –cer:

In order to maintain the soft ≥c≤ sound consistent with the other conjugations of -cer verbs, a cÈdille is added to the ≥c≤(Á) in the ≥nous≤ form. Thus the first person plural of the verb ≥commencer≤ is written ≥commenÁons≤.

C. Verbs with an ≥e≤ + consonant before the –er verb ending (e.g. acheter, prÈfÈrer, rÈpÈter):

These verbs have slight spelling changes in all but the nous and vous forms. In all of the conjugations except these two, an accent grave (`) is placed over the ≥e≤ preceding the consonant before the verb ending. This happens even if the ≥e≤ has an accent aigu in the infinitive. The following tables show two examples of this. Remember that the nous and vous forms remain unchanged; those forms follow the spelling of the infinitive.

acheter	prÈfÈrer
jπachËte nous achetons	je prÈfËre nous prÈfÈrons
tu achËtes vous achetez	tu prÈfËres vous prÈfÈrez
il achËte elles achËtent	elle prÈfËre ils prÈfËrent

D. Some verbs follow the same pattern but double the consonant instead of adding an accent grave (e.g. sπappeler). For this reason, one writes ≥je mπappelle≤ but ≥Comment vous appelez-vous?≤ Look at the conjugation of the verb Èpeler (to spell) below.

Èpeler
jπÈpelle tu Èpelles il Èpelle	nous Èpelons vous Èpelez elles Èpellent

6. Review exercises with regular –er verbs

A. Rewrite the following sentences substituting the words in parenthesis for the words underlined and making all necessary changes.

1. Il aime le professeur. (Nous, Les Ètudiants)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. Elles ne travaillent pas beaucoup. (On, Vous)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3. Habitez-vous en Californie? (elle, tu)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. Paul et Jacques entrent dans la salle de classe. (Je, Nous)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

5. Je me lËve tard le week-end. (Elles, Nous)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

B. Answer each of the following questions with a complete sentence.

1. Aimez-vous danser? _____________________________________________________

2. Quπest-ce que vous prÈfÈrez, le thÈ ou le cafÈ?

_____________________________________________________________________

3. A quelle heure est-ce que vous vous couchez? __________________________________

4. Parlez-vous japonais? ____________________________________________________

C. Translate the following into French.

1. We donπt eat a lot. _______________________________________________________

2. Does he listen to the radio? ________________________________________________

3. They donπt wake up very early. _____________________________________________

4. Weπre arriving tomorrow evening. __________________________________________

5. What are you (tu) looking for? _____________________________________________

Answers to exercises with regular -er verbs

Exercise A

1. Nous aimons le professeur.

Les Ètudiants aiment le professeur.

2. On ne travaille pas beaucoup.

Vous ne travaillez pas beaucoup.

3. Habite-t-elle en Californie?

Habites-tu en Californie?

4. Jπentre dans la salle de classe.

Nous entrons dans la salle de classe.

5. Elles se lËvent tard le week-end.

Nous nous levons tard le week-end.

Exercise B

1. Oui, jπaime danser. / Non, je nπaime pas danser.

2. Je prÈfËre le thÈ. / Je prÈfËre le cafÈ.

3. Je me couche ‡ ___ heures.

4. Non, je ne parle pas japonais. / Oui, je parle japonais.

Exercise C

1. Nous ne mangeons pas beaucoup.

2. Ecoute-t-il la radio? / Est-ce quπil Ècoute la radio?

3. Ils ne se rÈveillent pas trËs tÙt.

4. Nous arrivons demain soir.

5. Quπest-ce que tu cherches? / Que cherches-tu?

PART II: Regular –re verbs

1. Conjugating regular –re verbs in the present tense

affirmative I sell, I do sell, I am selling, etc.	negative I donπt sell, Iπm not selling, etc.	interrogative Do I sell? am I selling? etc.
je vends	je ne vends pas	est-ce que je vends?
tu vends	tu ne vends pas	vends - tu?
il, elle, on vend	il, elle, on ne vend pas	vend - il?
nous vendons	nous ne vendons pas	vendons - nous?
vous vendez	vous ne vendez pas	vendez - vous?
ils, elles vendent	ils, elles ne vendent pas	vendent - elles?

A. The present tense of regular -re verbs is formed by dropping the -re of the infinitive and adding the personal endings: -s, -s, --, -ons, -ez, -ent.

B. The negative and interrogative are formed in the same way as for regular –er verbs. This is actually true of all verbs, regular and irregular.

2. Common –re verbs introduced in the first half of the textbook.

attendre – to wait for descendre (de) – to descend, to go down, to get off entendre – to hear perdre – to lose

rendre (‡) – to return (a thing) rendre visite ‡ – to visit (a person) rÈpondre (‡) – to answer vendre – to sell

3. Review exercises with –re verbs

A. Rewrite the following sentences substituting the words in parenthesis for the words underlined and making all necessary changes.

1. Il descend de lπautobus (Nous, Les Ètudiants)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. Elles nπattendent pas le professeur. (On, Vous)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3. Vendez-vous votre maison? (elle, tu)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. Mimi et Suzanne rendent visite ‡ leur grand-mËre tous les mois. (Je, Nous)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

B. Translate the following into French.

1. Weπre not answering his questions. __________________________________________

2. Do you hear well? _______________________________________________________

3. Theyπre waiting for their mother. ___________________________________________

4. Iπm selling my books. ____________________________________________________

Answers to exercises with -re verbs

Exercise A

1. Nous descendons de lπautobus.

Les Ètudiants descendent de lπautobus.

2. On nπattend pas le professeur.

Vous nπattendez pas le professeur.

3. Vend-elle sa maison?

Vends-tu ta maison?

4. Je rends visite ‡ ma grand-mËre tous les mois.

Nous rendons visite ‡ notre grand-mËre tous les mois.

Exercise B

1. Nous ne rÈpondons pas ‡ ses questions.

2. Entendez-vous bien? / Entends-tu bien?

3. Ils attendent leur mËre.

4. Je vends mes livres.

PART III: Irregular Verbs

1. Irregular verb conjugations

While most verbs in French are regular (the great majority are -er verbs and the remaining are regular –re and regular –ir verbs), there are some important irregular verbs that were covered in the 1A course. Their conjugations are listed below. You should know what they mean and be able to conjugate them. When these irregular verbs follow a similar pattern, theyπve been grouped together.

aller (to go): je vais, tu vas, il va, nous allons, vous allez, ils vont

avoir (to have): jπai, tu as, il a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont

Ítre (to be): je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous Ítes, ils sont

dormir (to sleep): je dors, tu dors, il dort, nous dormons, vous dormez, ils dorment

sπendormir (to fall asleep): je mπendors, tu tπendors, il sπendort, nous nous endormons,

vous vous endormez, ils sπendorment

devoir (to have to): je dois, tu dois, il doit, nous devons, vous devez, ils doivent

faire (to make, to do): je fais, tu fais, il fait, nous faisons, vous faites, ils font

mettre (to put, to put on): je mets, tu mets, il met, nous mettons, vous mettez, ils mettent

promettre (to promise): je promets, tu promets, il promet, nous promettons, vous promettez,

ils promettent

partir (to leave): je pars, tu pars, il part, nous partons, vous partez, ils partent

servir (to serve): je sers, tu sers, il sert, nous servons, vous servez, ils servent

sortir (to leave, to go out): je sors, tu sors, il sort, nous sortons, vous sortez, ils sortent

pouvoir (to be able to): je peux, tu peux, il peut, nous pouvons, vous pouvez, ils peuvent

vouloir* (to want to): je veux, tu veux, il veut, nous voulons, vous voulez, ils veulent

* Note: For the verb vouloir, the following conditional tense forms were introduced in French 1A. They are often used for politeness: je voudrais (I would like), tu voudrais (you would like), il voudrait (he would like).

2. Review exercises with irregular verbs

A. Rewrite the following sentences substituting the words in parenthesis for the words underlined and making all necessary changes.

1. Nous avons un bon livre. (On / Je)

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Je fais mes devoirs toujours le soir. (Nous / Vous)

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Nous allons sortir ce weekend. (Je / Elle)

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Elle ne met jamais de short. (Je / Vous)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5. Je suis tres content dπÍtre ici. (On / Nous)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

B. Complete each sentence with the third person plural conjugation of the verb indicated.

1. (Ítre) Elles ______________ dans la classe de franÁais.

2. (avoir) Ils ______________ des amis dans la classe.

3. (faire) Paul et Monique ______________ leurs devoirs ensemble.

4. (aller) Le weekend, ils ______________ au cinÈma.

C. Translate the following sentences into French.

1. Do you want to go out? _________________________________________________________

2. Can you go with me? ___________________________________________________________

3. We donπt have a dog. __________________________________________________________

4. Are you tired? ________________________________________________________________

5. Sheπs thirteen years old._________________________________________________________

6. He sleeps until 11 oπclock. _______________________________________________________

Answers to exercises with irregular verbs

Exercise A

1. On a un bon livre.

Jπai un bon livre.

2. Nous faisons nos devoirs toujours le soir.

Vous faites vos devoirs toujours le soir.

3. Je vais sortir ce weekend.

Elle va sortir ce weekend.

4. Je ne mets jamais de short.

Vous ne mettez jamais de short.

5. On est trËs content dπÍtre ici.

Nous sommes trËs content(e)s dπÍtre ici.

Exercise B

1. sont

2. ont

3. font

4. vont

Exercise C

1. Voulez-vous sortir? / Est-ce que vous voulez sortir? /

Veux-tu sortir? / Est-ce que tu veux sortir?

2. Pouvez-vous aller avec moi? / Est-ce que vous pouvez aller avec moi? /

Peux-tu aller avec moi? / Est-ce que tu peux aller avec moi?

3. Nous nπavons pas de* chien.

*Remember that the indefinite articles (un, une, and des) change to ≥de≤ after all verbs except Ítre.

4. Est-ce que vous Ítes fatiguÈ(e)(s)? / Etes-vous fatiguÈ(e)(s)? /

Est-ce que tu es fatiguÈ(e)? / Es-tu fatiguÈ(e)?

5. Elle a treize ans.

6. Il dort jusquπ‡ onze heures (11h00).

Part IV: The Imperative or Command form

(lπimpÈratif)

1. Formation of the command form

The imperative is the verb form used to give commands. There are three forms of the imperative in French. The first two correspond to the ≥tu≤ (familiar) and ≥vous≤ (formal or plural) forms. The third corresponds to the ≥nous≤ form and has a slightly different meaning: ≥letπs do something≤.

A. The imperative of regular and almost all irregular verbs is formed by using the corresponding form of the present tense and dropping the subject pronouns (tu, vous, and nous).

There is a slight deviation with -er verbs. In the familiar form, the ≥s≤ is dropped from the regular verb ending, e.g. Parle franÁais.

	-er verbs	irreg. verb
familiar	parle	fais
formal/plural	parlez	faites
≥Letπs...≤	parlons	faisons

Examples: Regarde le professeur. Look at the teacher.

Etudiez la leÁon. Study the lesson.

Etudions ensemble. Letπs study together.

B. The imperative is made negative in the same way as the present indicative; ≥ne≤ is placed before the verb and ≥pas≤ comes after it.

familiar	ne travaille pas	ne va pas
formal/plural	ne travaillez pas	nπallez pas
≥Letπsä≤	ne travaillons pas	nπallons pas

Examples: Ne parlez pas anglais. Donπt speak English.

Ne va pas avec Paul. Donπt go with Paul.

C. The verbs ≥avoir≤ and ≥Ítre≤ have irregular imperatives.

	avoir	Ítre
familiar	aie	sois
formal/plural	ayez	soyez
≥Letπsä≤	ayons	soyons

Examples: Ayons de la patience. Letπs have some patience.

Sois tranquille. Be calm.

D. The imperative form of reflexive verbs is formed in the same way (by dropping the subject pronoun). But with reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronouns are retained.

In an affirmative command only, the reflexive pronoun follows the verb and is linked to it with a hyphen. Also, ≥te≤ is changed to ≥toi.≤

Examples: RÈveillez-vous. Wake up.

Brosse-toi les cheveux. Brush your hair.

In a negative command, the reflexive pronoun comes before the verb.

Examples: Ne vous levez pas. Donπt get up.

Ne te couche pas. Donπt go to bed.

2. Exercises with the imperative

A. Write the three forms of the imperative for each of the following verbs.

1. Ètudier _________________ _________________ _________________

2. chercher _________________ _________________ _________________

3. aller _________________ _________________ _________________

4. avoir _________________ _________________ _________________

5. Ítre _________________ _________________ _________________

B. Imagine that youπre talking to your little brother. Use the familiar form of the imperative to tell him to do (or not to do) the following.

1. (sπhabiller) _________________ immÈdiatement!

2. (manger) Ne _________________ pas trop de bonbons.

3. (aller) _________________dans la maison.

4. (donner) _________________-moi le livre.

5. (Ítre) _________________ sage. (≥Behave.≤ Literally: Be wise.)

C. Now use the formal form of the imperative to give your classmates the following orders.

1. (aller) _________________ au tableau.

2. (avoir) _________________ de la patience.

3. (parler) Ne _________________ pas anglais dans la classe de franÁais!

4. (se lever) _________________.

D. Use the ≥nous≤ form of the imperative to suggest that you and your friends do the following things.

1. (danser) _________________ ‡ la discothËque.

2. (aller) _________________ au cinÈma.

3. (Ètudier) _________________ ensemble.

4. (Ítre) _________________ calmes.

5. (rester) Ne _________________ pas ‡ la maison ce soir.

E. Finally, test your mastery of the imperative by translating the following sentences into French.

1. Show the paper to the teacher. _________________________________________________

2. Donπt (familiar form) buy a cake. ______________________________________________

3. Letπs watch television. _______________________________________________________

4. Be nice. __________________________________________________________________

5. Wash (yourself). ___________________________________________________________

Answers to exercises with the imperative

Exercise A

1. Ètudie, Ètudiez, Ètudions

2. cherche, cherchez, cherchons

3. va, allez, allons

4. aie, ayez, ayons

5. sois, soyez, soyons

Exercise B

1. Habille-toi

2. mange

3. Va

4. Donne

5. Sois

Exercise C

1. Allez

2. Ayez

3. parlez

4. Levez-vous.

Exercise D

1. Dansons

2. Allons

3. Etudions

4. Soyons

5. restons

Exercise E

1. Montrez le papier au professeur. /

Montre le papier au professeur.

2. NπachËte pas de g‚teau. [Remember to use ≥de≤ after the negative.]

3. Regardons la tÈlÈ.

4. Soyez gentil(le)(s) / sympathique(s) / agrÈable(s). /

Sois gentil(le) / sympathique / agrÈable.

5. Lavez-vous. /

Lave-toi.

Part V: Review of the Simple Past Tense

(le passÈ composÈ)

1. The formation of the passÈ composÈ

A. The passÈ composÈ is used to describe a completed past action. It is a very simple tense to use because separate conjugations do not need to be learned for each verb. You simply use the appropriate conjugation of the present tense of the auxiliary or ≥helping≤ verb (avoir or Ítre) and the past participle:

1) present tense of + 2) past = passÈ

avoir or participle composÈ

Ítre

B. The past participles of regular –er verbs are formed by dropping the infinitive ending

(-er) and adding ≥È≤: parler g parlÈ

C. The past participles of regular –re verbs are formed by dropping the infinitive ending

(-re) and adding ≥u≤: rÈpondre g rÈpondu

D. The past participles of irregular verbs must be learned individually.

E. The majority of verbs, both regular and irregular, are conjugated with ≥avoir≤. The only verbs which use the auxiliary ≥Ítre≤ are reflexive verbs (such as ≥sπappeler≤) and the verbs listed in the ≥PassÈ composÈ with Ítre≤ section.

2. The affirmative of the passÈ composÈ (with avoir)

Examples: regular -er verbs an irregular verb

donner I gave, I did give, I have given, etc.	prendre I took, I did take, I have taken
jπai donnÈ	jπai pris
tu as donnÈ	tu as pris
il, elle, on a donnÈ	il, elle, on a pris
nous avons donnÈ	nous avons pris
vous avez donnÈ	vous avez pris
ils, elles ont donnÈ	ils, elles ont pris

The past participles of the irregular verbs conjugated with avoir presented in chapters 1-6 of Chez nous are listed below.

avoir: eu [jπai eu, tu as eu, il a eu, nous avons eu, vous avez eu, ils ont eu]

boire: bu [jπai bu, tu as bu, il a bu, nous avons bu, vous avez bu, ils ont bu]

devoir: d˚ [jπai d˚, tu as d˚, il a d˚, nous avons d˚, vous avez d˚, ils ont d˚]

dormir: dormi [jπai dormi, tu as dormi, il a dormi, nous avons dormi, vous avez dormi, etc.]

Ítre: ÈtÈ [jπai ÈtÈ, tu as ÈtÈ, il a ÈtÈ, nous avons ÈtÈ, vous avez ÈtÈ, ils ont ÈtÈ]

faire: fait [jπai fait, tu as fait, etc.]

lire: lu

mettre: mis

pouvoir: pu

prendre: pris

promettre: promis

pleuvoir: plu

pouvoir: pu

servir: servi

voir: vu

vouloir: voulu

3. The passÈ composÈ in the negative

The negative of the passÈ composÈ is formed by placing ≥ne≤ in front of the auxiliary verb and ≥pas≤ after it (in front of the past participle).

parler

I I didnπt speak, I wasnπt speaking, etc.

je nπai pas parlÈ

tu nπas pas parlÈ

il nπa pas parlÈ

nous nπavons pas parlÈ

vous nπavez pas parlÈ

elles nπont pas parlÈ

4. The passÈ composÈ in the interrogative

As in the present tense, the interrogative can be formed in two ways. ≥Est-ce que≤ can be placed before the verb (Est-ce que tu as lu la leÁon?) or the subject and verb can be inverted (As-tu lu la leÁon?). Remember that the inversion is not normally done with the first person singular (je) form.

Ítre Was I? etc.	regarder Did I watch? etc.
Est-ce que jπai ÈtÈ?	Est-ce que jπai regardÈ?
Est-ce que tu as ÈtÈ?	As-tu regardÈ?
Est-ce quπil a ÈtÈ?	A-t-il regardÈ?*
Est-ce que nous avons ÈtÈ?	Avons-nous regardÈ?
Est-ce que vous avez ÈtÈ?	Avez-vous regardÈ?
Est-ce quπelles ont ÈtÈ?	Ont-elles regardÈ?

* As with the inversion form in the present tense, if the verb ends in a vowel in the third person singular (il, elle or on forms), a ≥-t-≤ must be inserted between the verb and the subject pronoun.

5. Review exercises with ≥avoir verbs≤ in the passÈ composÈ

A. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the verb underlined with the verbs in parenthesis.

1. Elle a regardÈ le livre. (trouver, lire)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Nous nπavons pas pris lπautobus. (attendre, voir)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3. Tu nπas pas ÈtudiÈ la leÁon. (faire, Ècouter)
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

B. Re-write the following sentences by putting the verbs in the passÈ composÈ.

1. Nous rÈpondons ‡ la question. ______________________________________________

2. A-t-elle son livre? _______________________________________________________

3. Je met un gros manteau hier soir. ____________________________________________

4. Je suis dans la salle de classe. _______________________________________________

5. Ils prennent le petit dÈjeuner ‡ sept heures. ____________________________________

C. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. As-tu ÈtÈ malade cet ÈtÈ? __________________________________________________

2. Qui a fait le mÈnage chez vous cette semaine? __________________________________

3. As-tu toujours eu envie de voyager en France? _________________________________

4. Qui a travaillÈ avec vous? _________________________________________________

Answers to exercises with ≥avoir verbs≤ in the passÈ composÈ

Exercise A

1. Elle a trouvÈ le livre.

Elle a lu le livre.

2. Nous nπavons pas attendu lπautobusthe

Nous nπavons pas vu lπautobus.

Note that, unlike the indefinite articles (un, une, and des), the definite articles (le, la, lπ, and les) donπt change after a negative.

3. Tu nπas pas fait la leÁon.

Tu nπas pas ÈcoutÈ la leÁon.

Exercise B

1. Nous avons rÈpondu ‡ la question.

2. A-t-elle eu son livre?

3. Jπai mis un gros manteau hier soir.

4. Jπai ÈtÈ dans la salle de classe.

5. Ils ont pris le petit dÈjeuner ‡ sept heures.

Exercise C

1. Oui, jπai ÈtÈ malade cet ÈtÈ. / Non, je nπai pas ÈtÈ malade cet ÈtÈ.

2. Jπai fait (Ma mËre a fait / Mon mari a fait) le mÈnage chez moi (nous) cette semaine.

3. Oui, jπai toujours eu envie de voyager en France. / Non, je nπai pas toujours eu envie de voyager en France. / Non, je nπai jamais eu envie de voyager en France.

4. Mon ami (ma soeur, la classe, mon professeur, etc.) a travaillÈ avec moi. / Mes amis (mes parents, les Ètudiants, etc.) ont travaillÈ avec moi.

6. The passÈ composÈ with Ítre

A. While the majority of verbs are conjugated with avoir, some verbs use Ítre as the auxiliary. These include all reflexive verbs (like sπappeler ) and the verbs listed below. The past participle of each of these verbs is shown in parentheses.

≥Ítre verbs≤
aller (allÈ) arriver (arrivÈ) descendre (descendu) entrer (entrÈ) rentrer (rentrÈ) monter (montÈ) mourir (mort) naÓtre (nÈ)	partir (parti) rester (restÈ) retourner (retournÈ) sortir (sorti) tomber (tombÈ) venir (venu) devenir (devenu) revenir (revenu)

B. Past participles of verbs conjugated with Ítre agree in number and gender with the subject.

rentrer

je suis rentrÈ(e)

tu es rentrÈ(e)

il est rentrÈ

elle est rentrÈe

nous sommes rentrÈ(e)s

vous Ítes rentrÈ(e)(s)

ils sont rentrÈs

elles sont rentrÈes

7. Review exercises with ≥Ítre verbs≤

A. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the verb underlined with the verbs in parenthesis.

1. O˘ ont-ils habitÈ? (tomber, aller)

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Pourquoi a-t-elle parlÈ? (partir, mourir)

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Nous nπavons pas ÈtudiÈ ce matin. (descendre, partir)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Jπai travaillÈ ‡ la maison. (rentrer, arriver) ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. A quelle heure ont-elles dÓnÈ? (sortir, entrer)

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

B. Re-write the following sentences by putting the verbs in the passÈ composÈ.

1. Elles retournent en Italie.__________________________________________________

2. La jeune fille tombe malade. _______________________________________________

3. Pourquoi monte-t-il? _____________________________________________________

4. Nous ne partons pas lundi. _________________________________________________

5. Quand sors-tu, Marie? ____________________________________________________

6. Ils ne vont pas en ville. ___________________________________________________

C. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. O˘ Ítes-vous nÈ(e)? ______________________________________________________

2. Sont-elles montÈes dans lπautobus? Non,______________________________________

3. Es-tu dÈj‡ allÈ(e) au thÈ‚tre? _______________________________________________

4. Est-ce que je suis arrivÈ en retard? Non,_______________________________________

Answers to exercises with ≥Ítre verbs≤ in the passÈ composÈ

Exercise A

1. O˘ sont-ils tombÈs?

O˘ sont-ils allÈs?

2. Pourquoi est-elle partie?

Pourquoi est-elle morte?

3. Nous ne sommes pas descendu(e)s.

Nous ne sommes pas parti(e)s.

4. Je suis rentrÈ(e) ‡ la maison.

Je suis arrivÈ(e) ‡ la maison.

5. A quelle heure sont-elles sorties?

A quelle heure sont-elles entrÈes?

Exercise B

1. Elles sont retournÈes en Italie.

2. La jeune fille est tombÈe malade.

3. Pourquoi est-il montÈ?

4. Les Ètudiants sont devenus contents.

5. Nous ne sommes pas parti(e)s lundi.

6. Quand es-tu sortie, Marie?

7. Ils ne sont pas allÈs en ville.

Exercise C

1. Je suis nÈ(e)....‡ San JosÈ, / ‡ San Francisco / en Californie / aux Etats-Unis.

Note: Regarding prepositions with geographical place names:

Use ≥‡≤ with a city: ‡ Paris, ‡ Los Angeles, etc.

Use ≥en≤ with a feminine country, province, or state: en France, en Californie, en Italie

Use ≥au≤ (singular) or ≥aux≤ (plural) with a masculine country or state: aux Etats-Unis, au Mexique, au Vietnam, etc.

2. Non, elles ne sont pas montÈes dans lπautobus.

3. Oui, je suis dÈj‡ allÈ(e) au thÈ‚tre. / Non, je ne suis pas dÈj‡ allÈ(e) au thÈ‚tre. / Non, je ne suis pas encore allÈ(e) au thÈ‚tre.

4. Non, vous nπÍtes pas arrivÈ en retard. / Non, tu nπes pas arrivÈ en retard.

8. Review exercise with avoir and Ítre verbs in the passÈ composÈ

Translate the following sentences into French.

1. They listened to the radio. _____________________________________________________

2. Who fell? __________________________________________________________________

3. Paul was in Paris last year. _____________________________________________________

4. CÈline and Marie came back late. ________________________________________________

5. We went to the opera. _________________________________________________________

6. They stayed home. ___________________________________________________________

7. Did you (plural) see the film? ___________________________________________________

Answers to exercises with avoir and Ítre verbs in the passÈ composÈ

1. Ils (elles) ont ÈcoutÈ la radio.

2. Qui est tombÈ?

3. Paul a ÈtÈ ‡ Paris lπannÈe derniËre.

4. CÈline et Marie sont revenues tard (en retard).

5. Nous sommes allÈ(e)s ‡ lπopÈra.

6. Ils sont restÈs ‡ la maison (chez eux). / Elles sont restÈes ‡ la maison (chez elles).

7. Avez-vous vu le film?

Once youπve completed the Verb Review Unit, take the Verb Mastery Test and turn it in as per instructions.