U. S. History, 17A
Study Guide 7
 
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Study Guide 7
Nation of Nations
Chapters Nine and Ten 
Chapter Nine
The Early Republic 
Answer the following questions:
I.  The Presidency of John Adams
1.  What is the doctrine of 'judicial review'?  What case established this doctrine? What year was it decided? And who was Chief Justice at the time?
2. What was significant about the case of Fletcher v. Peck?
II. Jefferson in Power
3. Who designed what became known as Washington, D.C.?
4. What did the Federalists intend for the new federal city?
5. Why didn't the new city achieve this dream?
6. What was the new president Jefferson's attitude toward government?
7. For Jefferson, what was 'the only sure guardian of the rights of man'?
8. For Jefferson, what was the morally superior way of life? Why did he praise it? Who were God's chosen people?
9. What did Jefferson believe were promoted by cities and commerce?
10. What cuts did Jefferson make in the military branches and why?
11. Why didn't Jefferson dismatle the Federalist programs of funding and assumption, the tariff, and the national bank?
III. Whites and Indians in the West
12. How did Jefferson view the west? How did he act to encourage settlement?
13. Where were Lewis and Clark supposed to go and what 4 things were they asked to do? 
14. The population of whites in the west grew from 100,000 in 1790 to 2 million by 1820. What was the most disruptive factor in the expansion of this population in the west?
15. What was Jefferson's policy toward Indian tribes?  How did he defend this policy? 
16. How did white settlement devastate Indian cultures in the west?
17. How did the Indian tribes' dependence on white trade diminish their hunting lands and provoke wars among neighboring tribes?
18. What did Tecumseh urge the Indian tribes of the northwest? Why did he fail in the south? 
IV. The Second War for American Independence
19. What happened only two weeks after Napoleon agreed to sell Louisiana to the United States?
In this European war, the United States remained 'neutral', which meant that merchants traded with both sides. In 1805, Britain ruled that American 'neutral' trade was benefitting France and announced that American ships caught trading with France would be detained and their cargoes seized. Britain also began at this time to 'impress' American sailors and even civilian passengers on these seized ships into the British navy.
20. On what date did Congress grant Madison's request to declare war against  Britain?
21. Who voted unanimously against the War of 1812 and why?
22. What occurred at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend? What was the result?
23. Who led the American forces that defeated Tecumseh in 1813 during the Battle of the Thames?
24. How did the executive mansion in Washington become known as the White House?
25. What came out of the failed attempt of the British to capture Baltimore?

V. America Turns Inward
26. What was sparked by Jackson's victory at New Orleans and the return of peace? What did Jackson's victory at New Orleans enable Americans to boast about?
27. What political party was destroyed by the War of 1812 and why?
28. How many slave and free states were there in the Union in 1818? What was the Tallmadge Amendment that was added to the bill admitting Missouri to the Union as a slave state?
29. Who introduced the Missouri Compromise and when? What were its 2 parts? Was there more territory for expansion north or south of the line?
30. What are the 3 parts of what became known as the Monroe Doctrine?
31. Who was Sally Hemings? What conclusion has DNA evidence made 'highly probable' about her relationship with Thomas Jefferson?
Chapter Ten
The Opening of America 
32. Chauncey Jerome became a symbol of the 'New America' after the War of 1812. What did he invent? Why was it better than its predecessors? How did he manufacture it cheaper? What did this accomplish? 
I. The Market Revolution
33. What was the key to American economic development after 1815?
34. What was the problem with short-fibered cotton? What and who solved this problem?
35. How much cotton could be cleaned in one day before and after the invention of the cotton gin?
36. By 1840, what percent of the world's supply of cotton was being produced in the south? By the same year cotton accounted for nearly ___ % of American exports. How did northern merchants benefit from the cotton trade?
37. What was essential for a market economy to become national?
Between 1815 and 1850, three innovations revolutionized transportation: canals, steamboats and railroads. During that time (1825-1855) the cost of transporting goods within the country by land was reduced by 95% while its speed increased ___?
38. How long was the Erie Canal? Where did it go? When was it completed? Which city dominated western trade as a consequence of the canal?
39. Who invented the steamboat? When? How many steamboats were in operation by 1855? Where did they have their greatest effect on transportation and why?
40. How much did the steamboat reduce the time of a trip from New Orleans to Louisville?
<> 41. Although it was often cheaper to ship goods over canals or on steamboats, what three advantages did railroads have over those other two methods of transportation? 
II. A People in Motion
42. What was the population of the United States in 1790? 1850?
43. After 1819, how much did public land in the west cost? What was the minimum amount of land that could be purchased for this amount?
44. By 1860, what percent of all Americans lived in cities?  What four factors stimulated the growth of cities?
45.  What percent in the south lived in cities?
Expansion was the keynote of the new America?
III. The Rise of Factories
46. Before and after 1815, how was manufacturing done?  Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.  Who pioneered the techniques of mass production?
47. What was the most famous center of textile manufacturing in the country? Who was employed there? How did they live? How long was the work day? How much did they earn per week? How did this compare to the wages of a seamstress?
48. How old was the average 'mill girl', and for what 2 reasons was she working? How long was the average tenure of mill girls in the textile mills?
49. What 5 environmenal problems were created by regulating the river water for the Lowell mills? 
IV. Social Structures of the Market Economy
50. According to Europeans who visited the United States during these years, with what were most Americans preoccupied? What became the most obvious symbol of status? How were families rated? 


 
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Revised March 14, 2008

by Tom Gallup, e-mail address: tom_gallup@westvalley.edu
West Valley College
http://www.westvalley.edu/wvc/ss/gallup/gallup.html