U. S. History, 17A

Study Guide 5

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Study Guide 5
Nation of Nations
Chapter Eight

Crisis and Constitution

Answer the following questions:
1. After the revolution, the newly independent colonists did not identify themselves as members of a nation, but they identified deeply with their ___ and even more deeply with their ___.
2. It followed that, for a decade after independence, the revolutionaries were less committed to creating an American nation than to ____. 
I. Republican Experiments
3. Americans believed that republican governments were best suited to ___ . Why? (three reasons)
4. From the republican perspective of 1776, what was the greatest problem of any government?  Consequently, what were five of the powers denied to the new state governors?
5. After the revolution, the state legislatures gained more power at the expense of the executive. How was it ensured that the newly powerful legislatures truly represented the will of the people?
6. The revolutionaries insisted on written state constitutions because they believed that  constitutions should be ____?
7. What was the name of the first national constitution? What year was it first approved by the Second Continental Congress? What year did it go into effect?
8. What powers was the new national legislature (or congress) given under the Articles of Confederation?
9. What two important powers were denied to the Congress under the Articles of Confederation?
10. If the Congress was denied the power to tax under the Articles of Confederation, how would the Congress raise money for the operation of the government? (Answer: the states were supposed to contribute funds at Congressional request. As you might imagine not much money was raised from the states under these circumstances) 
II. The Temptations of Peace
 11. What was the western boundary of the United States in 1790?
12. What states were eventually carved out of the Northwest territory?
13. How did the Ordinance of 1785 organize this Northwest territory?
14. Why did lots sell slowly in the Northwest territory?  How did Congress finally sell at least 6 million acres there?
15. Under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, what was the status of slavery in the Northwest territory?
16. African-Americans constituted ___ % of the total population of the colonies in 1775? What percent of those lived in the south?
17. Although no southern state legally abolished slavery, the legislatures of most northern states provided for the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery. Why?
18. How had Congress and the states financed the fighting during the war for independence? Combined with a wartime shortage of goods, this triggered ___ ?
19. Why didn't the national Congress stop this? 
III. Republican Society
20. After the revolution, what was the most significant reform of the republican campaign against artificial privilege?
21. How much alcohol did colonials consume compared to Americans today?
22. Laborers often received ___ as part of their wages?
23. Until the middle of the 18th century, most colonials considered spirits an ___ ?
24. What was the most popular form of distilled liquor in America in the middle of the 18th century, (before the revolution)? And after? Why?

IV. From Confederation to Constitution
25. Why did Daniel Shays and mobs of farmers close the county courts in western Massachusetts in 1786?
26. How did conservatives view Shays' Rebellion?
27. Shays' Rebellion provided the necessary jolt to a movement that was already under way to ____ ?
28. How many delegates met to disscuss the revision of the Articles of Confederation?  Where and when did they meet?  Who presided over the meetings? How did he differ from most of his colleagues?
29. Who, more than anyone else, shaped the framing of the new federal Constitution?
30. Madison's Virginia Plan proposed a bicameral, (or two-house) legislature. How would representation be apportioned in this new legislature?  How would this be a change from practice under the Articles of Confederation?
31. How many houses of Congress were proposed under the New Jersey Plan, and how would it apportion representation?
32. How did Franklin's compromise over representation satisfy both the small and large states?
33. The size of each state's population determined which plan it supported. Explain.
34. How many people would it take to be eligible for one representative? How much would slaves count in determining each state's population?
35. For what 3 reasons did the delegates believe that electors would do a better job of electing the president?
36. How would each state's share of electoral votes in the Electoral College be determined?
37. Why did the delegates reject the idea of letting the people elect the president directly?
<> 38. What powers were given to the new president under the Constitution?
39. Under the Constitution, what two powers were given to the Congress that were denied to the the Congress under the Articles of confederation?
40. What four powers did the states enjoy under the Artilcles of Confederation that were denied to the states under the Constiltution?
41. Under the Constitution, which laws prevailed in case of a dispute -- the laws of Congress or the laws of the states?
42. How are amendments to the Constitution proposed and ratified? When was the Constitution signed by the delegates in Philadelphia?
43. What was one of the greatest misgivings of the Anti-Federalists about the new Constitution?
44. What was the other misgiving of the Anti-Federalists about the new Constitution?
45. How did Madison counter these concerns? (These are outlined in the tenth of the Federalist Papers written in support of the Constiltution, usually referred to as Federalist #10.)
<> 46. What was the most impressive legacy of the anti-federalists?
47. What was the one Anti-Federalist criticism of the constitution that Madison could not dispute?<> 
Please click on the site, Federalist #10, read the selection there, and then answer the following questions
48. What is a faction?  How can the causes of factions be eliminated?
49  How can the effects of factions be controlled?
50. Why are factions controlled better in large republics than in small ones?
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Revised February 28, 2008

by Tom Gallup, e-mail address: [email protected]
West Valley College
http://www.westvalley.edu/wvc/ss/gallup/gallup.html